{"id":12811,"date":"2016-10-05T04:45:27","date_gmt":"2016-10-05T08:45:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/aptgadget.com\/?p=12811"},"modified":"2016-10-05T04:45:27","modified_gmt":"2016-10-05T08:45:27","slug":"12811-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aptgadget.com\/fr\/12811-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Une machine morale vous permet de d\u00e9cider qui sera tu\u00e9 par une voiture autonome d\u00e9fectueuse"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Avec l'arriv\u00e9e des v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 conduite autonome, une pr\u00e9occupation majeure a \u00e9t\u00e9 soulev\u00e9e : comment ces v\u00e9hicules r\u00e9agiraient-ils \u00e0 l'arriv\u00e9e de l'arm\u00e9e ? <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trolley_problem\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">probl\u00e8mes de chariots<\/a>. Il s'agit essentiellement de questions morales, comme lorsqu'une voiture autonome remplie de personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es doit d\u00e9cider si elle doit s'\u00e9craser pour \u00e9viter des chiots qui traversent la rue ou s'il est acceptable d'\u00e9craser deux criminels pour sauver un m\u00e9decin. Quelles vies valent le plus, celles des personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es ou celles des enfants de sept ans ? Des chercheurs du MIT ont mis au point un jeu baptis\u00e9 le <a href=\"http:\/\/moralmachine.mit.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Machine morale <\/a>qui permet aux joueurs de prendre des d\u00e9cisions similaires en mati\u00e8re d'\u00e9thique. L'objectif principal de ce jeu est d'aider \u00e0 dresser un tableau de l'opinion humaine sur la fa\u00e7on dont les machines devraient prendre des d\u00e9cisions lorsqu'elles sont confront\u00e9es \u00e0 des dilemmes moraux.<\/p>\n<p>Les participants \u00e0 ce jeu doivent r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 13 questions, toutes assorties de deux options seulement. Dans tous les sc\u00e9narios, une voiture autonome dont les freins ont l\u00e2ch\u00e9 inopin\u00e9ment doit prendre une d\u00e9cision : continuer \u00e0 avancer et percuter ce qui se trouve devant elle ou faire une embard\u00e9e et \u00e9craser tout ce qu'elle trouve sur son chemin.<\/p>\n<p>Moral Machine pr\u00e9sente tous les types de personnes dans diff\u00e9rents sc\u00e9narios : enfants, personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es, hommes, femmes et adultes. Il y a des cadres, des criminels, des sans-abri ou des personnes non identifi\u00e9es. Dans l'une des questions, les participants doivent choisir entre sauver une femme enceinte dans une voiture ou un gar\u00e7on, une femme m\u00e9decin, une femme cadre, deux femmes athl\u00e8tes et une femme m\u00e9decin. Le sc\u00e9nario soul\u00e8ve des questions plus nuanc\u00e9es : le passager qui ne s'est jamais plaint de l'exc\u00e8s de vitesse doit-il \u00eatre sauv\u00e9 ? Ou devrions-nous nous fier aux airbags et autres dispositifs de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en cas d'accident au lieu de faire une embard\u00e9e sur des civils non prot\u00e9g\u00e9s ?<\/p>\n<p>Le jeu pose \u00e9galement des questions fondamentales, comme celle de savoir si l'IA doit \u00eatre impliqu\u00e9e si elle peut sauver plus de vies ou si elle doit rester passive au lieu de modifier activement les \u00e9v\u00e9nements de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce qu'elle soit responsable de la mort de quelqu'un. La plupart des joueurs pensent que les d\u00e9cisions sont difficiles \u00e0 prendre dans des situations bien d\u00e9finies, mais imaginez la difficult\u00e9 pour les voitures autonomes dans des conditions routi\u00e8res chaotiques.<\/p>\n<p>Le probl\u00e8me du chariot a \u00e9t\u00e9 formul\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois \u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1960. La question est de savoir s'il est plus juste de tirer un levier, qui envoie un chariot sur une voie diff\u00e9rente pour tuer une personne, ou de laisser le chariot sur sa trajectoire, o\u00f9 il en tuera cinq. Il s'agit d'un probl\u00e8me moral inh\u00e9rent, et de l\u00e9g\u00e8res variations peuvent changer de mani\u00e8re significative la fa\u00e7on dont les gens choisissent de r\u00e9pondre.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 la fin de la machine morale, le testeur est inform\u00e9 que ses r\u00e9ponses font partie d'un effort de collecte de donn\u00e9es par des scientifiques du MIT dans le cadre de recherches sur l'\u00e9thique et la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des machines autonomes. Il est toutefois possible de refuser de transmettre ses donn\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>Image principale Cr\u00e9dit : techcrunch<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>With the onset of self-driving vehicles, a major concern raised is how they would respond to the trolley problems. This is basically moral questions, like when a self-driving car full of elderly individuals has to make a decision on whether to crash to avoid puppies in the cross-walk or if it is ok to run &hellip;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":12812,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12811","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.1 (Yoast SEO v27.1.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Moral Machine Lets You Decide Who Gets Killed by a Faulty Autonomous Car - AptGadget.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"MIT researcher have developed a game dubbed Moral Machine that looks into the trolley problems with the autonomous vehicles.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/aptgadget.com\/fr\/12811-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Moral Machine Lets You Decide Who Gets Killed by a Faulty Autonomous Car\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"MIT researcher have developed a game dubbed Moral Machine that looks into the trolley problems with the autonomous vehicles.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/aptgadget.com\/fr\/12811-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"AptGadget.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-10-05T08:45:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"David Waiganjo\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"David Waiganjo\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/aptgadget.com\/12811-2\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/aptgadget.com\/12811-2\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"David Waiganjo\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/aptgadget.com\/#\/schema\/person\/ec7e21a4cf6046e2fde5030eae8fed14\"},\"headline\":\"Moral Machine Lets You Decide Who Gets Killed by a Faulty Autonomous Car\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-10-05T08:45:27+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/aptgadget.com\/12811-2\/\"},\"wordCount\":451,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/aptgadget.com\/12811-2\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"\",\"articleSection\":[\"News\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/aptgadget.com\/12811-2\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/aptgadget.com\/12811-2\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/aptgadget.com\/12811-2\/\",\"name\":\"Moral Machine Lets You Decide Who Gets Killed by a Faulty Autonomous Car - 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