{"id":8461,"date":"2016-04-14T15:06:29","date_gmt":"2016-04-14T19:06:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/aptgadget.com\/?p=8461"},"modified":"2016-09-19T18:18:27","modified_gmt":"2016-09-19T22:18:27","slug":"brain-implant-helps-a-paralyzed-man-to-move-his-arms","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aptgadget.com\/fr\/brain-implant-helps-a-paralyzed-man-to-move-his-arms\/","title":{"rendered":"Un implant c\u00e9r\u00e9bral permet \u00e0 un homme paralys\u00e9 de bouger son bras"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c0 l'\u00e2ge de 18 ans, Ian Burkhart est devenu paralys\u00e9 alors qu'il faisait de la plong\u00e9e \u00e0 la plage. Quatre ans plus tard, Burkhart a re\u00e7u un implant c\u00e9r\u00e9bral<\/a> qui lui a donn\u00e9 la possibilit\u00e9 de bouger le pouce et les doigts<\/a> de nouveau. Actuellement, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l'implant, Burkhart peut utiliser ses mains pour jouer \u00e0 des jeux vid\u00e9o et \u00e0 l'air guitar, bien qu'\u00e0 un rythme lent. La d\u00e9couverte publi\u00e9 dans Nature <\/a>est le premier cas o\u00f9 une personne paralys\u00e9e retrouve sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 se mouvoir simplement par la pens\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Avant que Burkhart ne re\u00e7oive l'implant, chaque fois qu'il essayait de bouger un doigt, le signal c\u00e9r\u00e9bral envoy\u00e9 au bras \u00e9tait bloqu\u00e9. Ce concept s'applique g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement \u00e0 toutes les personnes paralys\u00e9es. En introduisant la puce, les scientifiques ont r\u00e9achemin\u00e9 ces signaux et contourn\u00e9 les l\u00e9sions paralysantes.<\/p>\n

L'implant c\u00e9r\u00e9bral est une puce de la taille d'une gomme \u00e0 crayon. Lorsque Burkhart pense \u00e0 un mouvement, la puce d\u00e9tecte le signal et l'envoie \u00e0 l'ordinateur. L'ordinateur analyse les signaux et transmet les informations au manchon unique qui entoure le bras droit de Burkhart. Le manchon utilise des impulsions \u00e9lectriques pour d\u00e9clencher des contractions musculaires qui permettent le mouvement de la main. D'une certaine mani\u00e8re, l'ordinateur agit comme un traducteur qui transmet les informations du cerveau aux muscles du bras.<\/p>\n

Par le pass\u00e9, d'autres patients ont contr\u00f4l\u00e9 des robots par la pens\u00e9e, mais c'est la premi\u00e8re fois qu'une personne utilise un lien artificiel direct entre le neutron de son cortex et son membre paralys\u00e9. En 2006, un scientifique allemand a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 relier une t\u00eate port\u00e9e \u00e0 un membre paralys\u00e9. Moniteur EEG pour un syst\u00e8me de stimulation de la main<\/a>cr\u00e9ant ainsi une simple d\u00e9rivation neuronale.<\/p>\n

Un scientifique qui a con\u00e7u cette technologie note que, comme Burkhart doit r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir \u00e0 chaque mouvement, c'est \u00e9puisant, tout comme un examen de 7 ou 8 heures. Burkhart note que pendant les 19 premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es de sa vie, il consid\u00e9rait comme acquis que ses mains feraient ce qu'il voulait. Aujourd'hui, il doit y r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir et les d\u00e9cortiquer.<\/p>\n

Environ 5,6 millions d'euros<\/a> personnes aux \u00c9tats-Unis souffrent d'une forme ou d'une autre de paralysie. Cela signifie qu'environ un Am\u00e9ricain sur 50 a des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 bouger ses jambes et ses bras. La question de savoir si cette technologie sera utilis\u00e9e pour aider ces personnes reste ouverte. Le projet lui-m\u00eame est loin d'\u00eatre pratique puisqu'un c\u00e2ble \u00e9pais doit \u00eatre connect\u00e9 \u00e0 un port dans la t\u00eate de Burkhart pour le relier au manchon \u00e9lectronique. Ali Rezai de l'Ohio State University, l'un des scientifiques qui a travaill\u00e9 sur cette technologie, note que la technologie sans fil \u00e9liminera un jour cet obstacle. Il estime qu'\u00e0 l'avenir, les t\u00e9l\u00e9phones portables communiqueront avec le manchon, ce qui changera la vie des patients paralys\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Image principale cr\u00e9dit\u00e9e:SlateImage principale cr\u00e9dit\u00e9e:Slate<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

At 18 years, Ian Burkhart became paralyzed while diving at the beach. Four years later, Burkhart got a brain implant that gave him the ability to move his thumb and fingers again. Currently, thanks to the implant Burkhart can use his hands to play video games and air guitar though on a slow pace. The …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":8462,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8461","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"yoast_head":"\nBrain implant helps a paralyzed man to move his arm - AptGadget.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/aptgadget.com\/fr\/brain-implant-helps-a-paralyzed-man-to-move-his-arms\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Brain implant helps a paralyzed man to move his arm\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"At 18 years, Ian Burkhart became paralyzed while diving at the beach. Four years later, Burkhart got a brain implant that gave him the ability to move his thumb and fingers again. Currently, thanks to the implant Burkhart can use his hands to play video games and air guitar though on a slow pace. 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