{"id":8911,"date":"2016-05-09T16:03:14","date_gmt":"2016-05-09T20:03:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/aptgadget.com\/?p=8911"},"modified":"2020-02-21T13:59:18","modified_gmt":"2020-02-21T18:59:18","slug":"peer-2-peer-marketplaces-changing-the-future","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aptgadget.com\/fr\/peer-2-peer-marketplaces-changing-the-future\/","title":{"rendered":"Les places de march\u00e9 Peer-2-Peer changent l'avenir"},"content":{"rendered":"

R\u00e9cemment, j'ai lu une excellente \u00e9tude r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par le professeur Benjamin Edelman<\/a> et le professeur Damien Geradin<\/a> sur les nouvelles plateformes Peer-2-Peer et leur impact sur les op\u00e9rateurs historiques du march\u00e9. Dans leur un travail de recherche approfondi<\/a>Les professeurs observent et formulent ce qu'ils appellent une \"d\u00e9r\u00e9glementation priv\u00e9e spontan\u00e9e\" des march\u00e9s traditionnels par les nouveaux entrants et la mani\u00e8re dont elle modifie fondamentalement le paysage de la concurrence.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Qu'est-ce que la d\u00e9r\u00e9glementation priv\u00e9e spontan\u00e9e ?<\/h2>\n

\"Deregulation\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Selon l'\u00e9tude, la d\u00e9r\u00e9glementation priv\u00e9e spontan\u00e9e consiste \u00e0 d\u00e9fier ouvertement les r\u00e9glementations en vigueur qui sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme des obstacles aux id\u00e9es novatrices et comme des vestiges d'une \u00e9poque r\u00e9volue.<\/p>\n

Dans un nombre croissant de secteurs, les startups contournent les r\u00e9glementations qui co\u00fbtent aux acteurs traditionnels de ce march\u00e9 particulier et les rendent moins comp\u00e9titifs. On peut observer que les r\u00e9glementations peuvent \u00eatre excessives ou obsol\u00e8tes, prot\u00e9geant les consommateurs contre des \u00e9ventualit\u00e9s qui se produisent rarement.<\/p>\n

Exemples de d\u00e9r\u00e9glementation priv\u00e9e spontan\u00e9e<\/h2>\n

Prenons l'exemple d'Uber. Une plateforme telle qu'Uber n'a pas besoin de licence pour d\u00e9marrer ses activit\u00e9s. Elle n'est pas oblig\u00e9e de se conformer aux r\u00e9glementations relatives aux personnes handicap\u00e9es et ses chauffeurs ainsi que ses voitures ne seront pas soumis aux inspections rigoureuses et aux contr\u00f4les de qualit\u00e9 auxquels les services de taxi normaux doivent se soumettre. Ces param\u00e8tres rendront Uber beaucoup plus comp\u00e9titif que les services de transport traditionnels. Mais, d'un autre c\u00f4t\u00e9, moins de r\u00e9glementation signifie moins de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de s\u00fbret\u00e9, ce qui peut se traduire par un risque accru pour les clients.<\/p>\n

\"Uber<\/a> \"Uber<\/a><\/p>\n

Un autre grand exemple de d\u00e9r\u00e9glementation priv\u00e9e spontan\u00e9e est Airbnb, un site web qui permet aux gens d'inscrire, de trouver et de louer des logements. L'entreprise a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en 2008 et compte d\u00e9j\u00e0 plus de 1,5 million d'annonces dans 38 000 villes et 190 pays. Selon Reuters, en 2015, il \u00e9tait pr\u00e9vu de doubler ses r\u00e9servations<\/a> par rapport \u00e0 2014 pour atteindre le chiffre stup\u00e9fiant de 80 millions de nuits r\u00e9serv\u00e9es. L'imitation est la forme la plus sinc\u00e8re de flatterie. \u00c0 l'heure actuelle, de plus en plus de les h\u00f4tels se tournent vers Airbnb<\/a> pour faire de la publicit\u00e9 et remplir leurs chambres.<\/p>\n

En voyant comment ces plateformes Peer-2-Peer parviennent \u00e0 mettre en relation acheteurs et vendeurs, sans fournir d'autre service que la valeur ajout\u00e9e que repr\u00e9sente la cr\u00e9ation d'un march\u00e9 riche et comp\u00e9titif gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l'accumulation et \u00e0 la structuration de donn\u00e9es pertinentes, je me suis souvenu du livre d'Alvin Toffler intitul\u00e9 \"Powershift : Knowledge, Wealth, and Power at the Edge of the 21st Century\" d'Alvin Toffler. Il y affirme que \"le savoir est la source de pouvoir la plus d\u00e9mocratique\" et que \"le contr\u00f4le du savoir est au c\u0153ur de la lutte mondiale de demain pour le pouvoir dans toutes les institutions humaines\". Uber et Airbnb sont d'excellents exemples de ce qui s'est pass\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Quelques exemples historiques<\/h2>\n

\"J.<\/a><\/p>\n

Mais la lutte entre les op\u00e9rateurs historiques et les nouveaux venus n'a rien de nouveau au cours de l'histoire et des d\u00e9r\u00e9glementations spontan\u00e9es se sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 produites.<\/p>\n

Dans l'industrie automobile, en 1865, les v\u00e9hicules n'\u00e9taient pas autoris\u00e9s \u00e0 rouler \u00e0 plus de 2 miles \u00e0 l'heure dans les villes et les villages et \u00e0 plus de 4 miles \u00e0 l'heure ailleurs. En outre, chaque v\u00e9hicule devait \u00eatre pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 d'une personne portant un drapeau rouge \u00e0 60 m\u00e8tres pour avertir les voitures \u00e0 cheval et les cavaliers qui s'approchaient. Au fil du temps, les gens se sont familiaris\u00e9s avec les voitures et leurs avantages, et la r\u00e9glementation a \u00e9t\u00e9 assouplie.<\/p>\n

De m\u00eame, dans le secteur de l'aviation, des questions r\u00e9glementaires fondamentales se sont pos\u00e9es, qui touchaient au c\u0153ur de la d\u00e9finition de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 d'un propri\u00e9taire foncier. Jusqu'alors, la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 d'un propri\u00e9taire foncier s'\u00e9tendait \"des entrailles de la terre jusqu'aux cieux\". Avec de telles barri\u00e8res r\u00e9glementaires, l'organisation d'un simple vol serait un cauchemar. Heureusement, le l\u00e9gislateur a reconnu ce probl\u00e8me tr\u00e8s t\u00f4t et a r\u00e9agi en cons\u00e9quence.<\/p>\n

Qui est concern\u00e9 par cette tendance ?<\/h2>\n

Selon les professeurs, les entreprises traditionnelles peuvent \u00eatre plus vuln\u00e9rables \u00e0 cette tendance qu'elles ne le pensent. Les industries cibl\u00e9es ne se limitent pas aux secteurs du transport et de l'h\u00e9bergement, mais peuvent englober d'autres niches comme les prestataires de services juridiques ou les professionnels de la finance.<\/p>\n

Le document pose trois questions fondamentales pour d\u00e9terminer si une entreprise ou un secteur particulier est menac\u00e9 par la tendance croissante \u00e0 la d\u00e9r\u00e9glementation priv\u00e9e spontan\u00e9e :<\/p>\n

1- Les consommateurs sont-ils inutilement prot\u00e9g\u00e9s ?<\/strong>
\nLes syst\u00e8mes r\u00e9glementaires traditionnels exigent une formation formelle, des licences, des inspections r\u00e9guli\u00e8res, etc. Ces exigences ont un co\u00fbt et les d\u00e9penses sont r\u00e9percut\u00e9es sur le client. Les jeunes entreprises innovantes ont tendance \u00e0 ignorer ces r\u00e9glementations et \u00e0 cr\u00e9er leur propre version du syst\u00e8me de protection, qui repose essentiellement sur un m\u00e9canisme de r\u00e9putation.<\/p>\n

2- La pratique commerciale peut-elle \u00eatre codifi\u00e9e ?<\/strong>
\nL'essor de l'internet a permis \u00e0 de nombreuses personnes d'acc\u00e9der \u00e0 l'information \u00e0 un co\u00fbt quasi nul. Associ\u00e9 \u00e0 de nouvelles plates-formes logicielles, ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne peut permettre \u00e0 des fournisseurs \"amateurs\" de fournir des services de qualit\u00e9 comme des professionnels.<\/p>\n

3- La r\u00e9glementation prot\u00e8ge-t-elle les tiers ?<\/strong>
\nDe nombreuses r\u00e9glementations prot\u00e8gent les tiers, comme certaines mesures de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 contre les incendies. Les co\u00fbts de ces r\u00e9glementations sont r\u00e9percut\u00e9s sur les clients. Les nouveaux entrants comme Airbnb ignorent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement ces r\u00e8gles et b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient donc d'un avantage concurrentiel.<\/p>\n

Que faire face \u00e0 cette tendance ?<\/h2>\n

Les professeurs continuent \u00e0 sugg\u00e9rer 4 options, au cas o\u00f9 une entreprise se sentirait vuln\u00e9rable \u00e0 cette tendance \u00e9mergente :<\/p>\n

1- Faire appel \u00e0 la loi :<\/strong>
\nC'est ce qu'a fait l'industrie du taxi, en particulier en Europe. Mais attention, vous risquez d'appara\u00eetre comme un perdant aigri et les le\u00e7ons de l'histoire montrent que les r\u00e9glementations ont tendance \u00e0 \u00e9voluer au fil du temps en faveur de nouvelles id\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

2- Accepter les changements :<\/strong>
\nC'est \u00e9galement ce qu'a fait une partie de l'industrie du taxi. Les nouvelles applications permettant de r\u00e9server un taxi, au lieu d'appeler un op\u00e9rateur grincheux, sont monnaie courante de nos jours.<\/p>\n

3- Jouez sur vos forces :<\/strong>
\nLes logements Airbnb ne peuvent pas toujours offrir le service 24 heures sur 24 et 7 jours sur 7 des h\u00f4tels traditionnels et certains chauffeurs Uber amateurs ne connaissent pas les raccourcis qu'un chauffeur de taxi chevronn\u00e9 conna\u00eet. Sites de r\u00e9servation d'h\u00f4tels<\/a> offrent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement de meilleures conditions d'annulation que des entreprises comme Airbnb.<\/p>\n

4- Accepter la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 :<\/strong>
\nEn reconnaissant la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 et en acceptant l'in\u00e9vitable, une entreprise traditionnelle peut \u00e9viter une grande perte de temps et d'argent. Fermer pr\u00e9matur\u00e9ment ou r\u00e9inventer toute l'entreprise en fonction du nouveau mod\u00e8le est parfois la seule option.<\/p>\n

Derni\u00e8res pens\u00e9es<\/h2>\n

Que vous soyez un op\u00e9rateur historique ou un nouvel entrant, le fait de conna\u00eetre les tendances et la mani\u00e8re dont elles jouent en votre faveur ou en votre d\u00e9faveur vous aidera grandement \u00e0 \u00e9viter les d\u00e9sastres et \u00e0 \u00e9laborer une strat\u00e9gie qui permettra \u00e0 votre entreprise de prosp\u00e9rer sur un march\u00e9 en \u00e9volution rapide.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Recently, I read a great research by Professor Benjamin Edelman and Professor Damien Geradin about new Peer-2-Peer platforms and their impact on incumbents of the market. In their thoroughly researched paper, the professors observe and formulate what they call a \u201cspontaneous private deregulation\u201d of traditional markets by entrants and how it fundamentally changes the landscape …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":8924,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[876],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8911","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-editorial"],"yoast_head":"\nPeer-2-Peer Marketplaces Changing the Future<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Why are Uber and Airbnb getting more and more of the market share and what effects will it have in the future. Listen to Professor Benjamin Edelman.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/aptgadget.com\/fr\/peer-2-peer-marketplaces-changing-the-future\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Peer-2-Peer Marketplaces Changing the Future\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Why are Uber and Airbnb getting more and more of the market share and what effects will it have in the future. Listen to Professor Benjamin Edelman.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/aptgadget.com\/fr\/peer-2-peer-marketplaces-changing-the-future\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"AptGadget.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-05-09T20:03:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-02-21T18:59:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/aptgadget.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Lyft_Pink_Mustache.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"768\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Fred Shirvan\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Fred Shirvan\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/aptgadget.com\/peer-2-peer-marketplaces-changing-the-future\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/aptgadget.com\/peer-2-peer-marketplaces-changing-the-future\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Fred Shirvan\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/aptgadget.com\/#\/schema\/person\/c50d1b4e32f128ec18453264158e38e5\"},\"headline\":\"Peer-2-Peer Marketplaces Changing the Future\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-05-09T20:03:14+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-02-21T18:59:18+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/aptgadget.com\/peer-2-peer-marketplaces-changing-the-future\/\"},\"wordCount\":1010,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/aptgadget.com\/peer-2-peer-marketplaces-changing-the-future\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/aptgadget.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Lyft_Pink_Mustache.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Editorials\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/aptgadget.com\/peer-2-peer-marketplaces-changing-the-future\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/aptgadget.com\/peer-2-peer-marketplaces-changing-the-future\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/aptgadget.com\/peer-2-peer-marketplaces-changing-the-future\/\",\"name\":\"Peer-2-Peer Marketplaces Changing the Future\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/aptgadget.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/aptgadget.com\/peer-2-peer-marketplaces-changing-the-future\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/aptgadget.com\/peer-2-peer-marketplaces-changing-the-future\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/aptgadget.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Lyft_Pink_Mustache.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-05-09T20:03:14+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-02-21T18:59:18+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/aptgadget.com\/#\/schema\/person\/c50d1b4e32f128ec18453264158e38e5\"},\"description\":\"Why are Uber and Airbnb getting more and more of the market share and what effects will it have in the future. 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